Semiconductor detectors in medicine, March 8-9, 1973, presented by Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology, University of California School of Medicine and Continuing Education in Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, supported in part by KeVex Corporation, Burlingame, California [et al.

Mode of access: Internet.

Imaging ability of collimators in nuclear medicine /

Mode of access: Internet.

An introduction to radiation protection in medicine

"Combining facets of health physics with medicine, An Introduction to Radiation Protection in Medicine covers the background of the subject and the medical situations where radiation is the tool to diagnose or treat human disease. Encouraging newcomers to the field to properly and efficiently function in a versatile and evolving work setting, it familiarizes them with the particular problems faced during the application of ionizing radiation in medicine. The text builds a fundamental knowledge base before providing practical descriptions of radiation safety in medicine. It covers basic issues related to radiation protection, including the physical science behind radiation protection and the radiobiological basis of radiation protection. The text also presents operational and managerial tools for organizing radiation safety in a medical workplace. Subsequent chapters form the core of the book, focusing on the practice of radiation protection in different medical disciplines. They explore a range of individual uses of ionizing radiation in various branches of medicine, including radiology, nuclear medicine, external beam radiotherapy, and brachytherapy. With contributions from experienced practicing physicists, this book provides essential information about dealing with radiation safety in the rapidly shifting and diverse environment of medicine."--publisher website

The production of radionuclides for nuclear medicine from a compact, low-energy accelerator system.

The field of nuclear medicine is reliant on radionuclides for medical imaging procedures and radioimmunotherapy (RIT). The recent shut-downs of key radionuclide producers have highlighted the fragility of the current radionuclide supply network, however. To ensure that nuclear medicine can continue to grow, adding new diagnostic and therapy options to healthcare, novel and reliable production methods are required. Siemens are developing a low-energy, high-current - up to 10MeV and 1mA respectively - accelerator. The capability of this low-cost, compact system for radionuclide production, for use in nuclear medicine procedures, has been considered.

Copper complexes of new benzodioxotetraaza macrocycles with potential applications in nuclear medicine

Two novel benzodioxotetraaza macrocycles [2,9-dioxo-1,4,7,10-tetraazabicyclo[10.4.0]1,11-hexadeca-1(11),13,15-triene (H(2)L1) and 2,10-dioxo-1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclo[11.4.0]1,12-heptadeca-1(12),14,16-triene (H(2)L2)] were synthesized by a [1 + 1] crablike cyclization. The protonation constants of both ligands were determined by H-1 NMR titration and by potentiometry at 25.0 degrees C in 0.10 M ionic strength in KNO3. The latter method was also used to ascertain the stability constants of their copper(II) complexes. These studies showed that the CuL1 complex has a much lower thermodynamic stability than the CuL2, and the H(2)L2 displays an excellent affinity for copper(II), due to the good fit of copper(II) into its cavity. The copper complexes of the novel ligands were characterized by electronic spectroscopy in solution and by crystal X-ray diffraction. These studies indicated that the copper center in the CuL1 complex adopts a square-pyramidal geometry with the four nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle forming the equatorial plane and a water molecule at axial position, and the copper in the CuL2 complex is square-planar. Several labeling conditions were tested, and only H(2)L2 could be labeled with Cu-67 efficiently (> 98%) in mild conditions (39 degrees C, 15 min) to provide a slightly hydrophilic radioligand (log D = -0.19 +/- 0.03 at pH 7.4). The in vitro stability was studied in the presence of different buffers or with an excess of diethylenetriamine-pentaethanoic acid. Very high stability was shown under these conditions for over 5 days. The incubation of the radiocopper complex in human serum showed 6% protein binding.

Study of DNA damage with a new system for irradiation of samples in a nuclear reactor

In this paper, we report results of a quantitative analysis of the effects of neutrons on DNA, and, specifically, the production of simple and double breaks of plasmid DNA in aqueous solutions with different concentrations of free-radical scavengers. The radiation damage to DNA was evaluated by electrophoresis through agarose gels. The neutron and gamma doses were measured separately with thermoluminescent detectors. In this work, we have also demonstrated usefulness of a new system for positioning and removing samples in channel BH#3 of the IEA-R1 reactor at the Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares (Brazil) without necessity of interrupting the reactor operation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DIAGNOSIS of REGIONAL CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW ABNORMALITIES USING SPECT: AGREEMENT BETWEEN INDIVIDUALIZED STATISTICAL PARAMETRIC MAPS and VISUAL INSPECTION BY NUCLEAR MEDICINE PHYSICIANS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS of EXPERTISE IN NUCLEAR NEUROLOGY

INTRODUCTION: Visual analysis is widely used to interpret regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) SPECT images in clinical practice despite its limitations. Automated methods are employed to investigate between-group rCBF differences in research Studies but have rarely been explored in individual analyses.OBJECTIVES: To compare visual inspection by nuclear physicians with the automated statistical parametric mapping program using a SPECT dataset of patients with neurological disorders and normal control images.METHODS: Using statistical parametric mapping, 14 SPECT images from patients with various neurological disorders were compared individually with a databank of 32 normal images using a statistical threshold of p<0.05 (corrected for multiple comparisons at the level of individual voxels or clusters). Statistical parametric mapping results were compared with Visual analyses by a nuclear physician highly experienced in neurology (A) as well as a nuclear physician with a general background of experience (B) who independently classified images as normal or altered, and determined the location of changes and the severity.RESULTS: of the 32 images of the normal databank, 4 generated maps showing rCBF abnormalities (p<0.05, corrected). Among the 14 images from patients with neurological disorders, 13 showed rCBF alterations. Statistical parametric mapping and physician A completely agreed on 84.37% and 64.28% of cases from the normal databank and neurological disorders, respectively. The agreement between statistical parametric mapping and ratings of physician B were lower (71.18% and 35.71%, respectively).CONCLUSION: Statistical parametric mapping replicated the findings described by the more experienced nuclear physician. This finding suggests that automated methods for individually analyzing rCBF SPECT images may be a valuable resource to complement visual inspection in clinical practice.

Somatostatin receptors as targets for nuclear medicine imaging and radionuclide treatment

Radiolabeled peptides have been an important class of compounds in radiopharmaceutical sciences and nuclear medicine for more than 20 years. Despite strong research efforts, only somatostatin-based radiopeptides have a real impact on patient care, diagnostically and therapeutically. [(111)In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(0)]octreotide is commercially available for imaging. Imaging was highly improved by the introduction of PET radionuclides such as (68)Ga, (64)Cu, and (18)F. Two peptides are successfully used in targeted radionuclide therapy when bound to DOTA and labeled with (90)Y and (177)Lu.